What to read after Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip: Revolutionary Platforms for Disease Comprehension and Treatment?

Existing culture systems have a limited ability to reproduce the complicated and

dynamic microenvironment of a functioning organ. To solve the issues of conventional

culture techniques, multidisciplinary researchers, involving medical doctors, stem cell

and developmental biology experts, engineers and physical scientists, have emerged

to innovate methods and devices.

A microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (μOOC) is a cell culture device, based on microfluidic

technology, which contains continuously perfused chambers with cells to simulate

organ-level physiology/pathology. The μOOC is not to build a whole living organ,

but rather to synthesize minimal functional units that recapitulate organ-/tissue-level

functions. The μOOC can be applied to study not only the convention stimulation

on cells by molecular/drugs, but also physical forces (fluid shear stress, cyclic strain

and mechanical compression), organ-specific cell-cell intercommunication, and

organ-organ coupling responses.

There is an emerging need for innovative approaches for the production, control,

analysis, and utilization of the μOOC, and even the multiple interconnected μOOC

(Human-on-a-Chip). Although the μOOC has attracted much attention and is

continuous being studied, there are still many difficult problems to be solved.

Some of the most mentioned challenges include microenvironmental (biochemical,

biophysical, biomechanical, nutrient, etc.) control, modeling tissue–tissue and multiorgan

interactions, and reducing variability (automated control, high-throughput

manipulation/analysis, integration of biosensing and etc.).